The Dirty Facts About Photography 52 Smc Essay Samples

The Dirty Facts About Photography 52 Smc Essay Samples My objective is to make photographs that draw viewers into the present moment. An artist statement is important to every artist. It is a document that that allows people to see artists as they are. Close-up, sometimes referred to as detail shots, don't carry a good deal of narrative. It is possible to even find movies with a distinctive quote or plot. You can make your own detective story in pictures if you've got a couple friends who'd love to act a bit. The more familiar you're with the subject, the better are the chances to develop a great essay. So as to be a photographer who would like to tell stories with the aid of his photographs, an individual should have no inhibitions. Usually, you can begin with 10 shots. Sometimes photographs may also create a hyper-reality which exaggerates the reality and so cannot possibly be the reality. Street photographs often include a narrative. Enrolling into a creative program has many advantages, but in addition, it has a frequent doubt. Editing is the point where the magic happens. The application procedure to enroll in a photography program is a bit more different than other courses. Photography, needless to say, is a creative skill. The Advantages of Photography 52 Smc Essay Samples After fashion hit a mainstream cord with the general public, magazines sales soared and thus was born the start of the history of style photography. Then you ought to take the pictures of the automobile that come for towing it towards the runway. Don't hesitate to use my work for a model for yo urs. Landscape photographs not only convey the simple element of earth scenery, but in addition they appreciate nature. If another photographer were at the exact location at the very same time we would observe a very different set of images. This picture depicts the ideal feeling when you find the entire city from above. A good example of landscape photograph. It is dependent on requirements to a specific essay or your own option. You don't have to be a writer to create a great high quality artist statement. You should write something after inserting each photo in order for the reader might know what it is you're attempting to convey. As a consequence the feedback one person provides you might contradict the feedback another individual provides you. Also keep in mind that the information should be organized logically with the most crucial points coming first. That manner in which the report has a larger influence on the reader. This assortment of work comes from my urge to preserve important those gorgeous moments in my personal life. How your prior work relates to your present-day work. It is the exact same way like life. Sure stealing someone's ideas is bad, so apply these examples as a foundation for your own works. Or perhaps you can ask about their family members or an intriguing hobby they have. You just need to research your art or part of work and discover its relevance and purpose.

Whole Foods Markets Business And Society - 3257 Words

BLOOMSBURG UNIVERSITY Whole Foods Markets Business and Society Mohammed Abujabal, Audrey Bingaman, Michael Fassl, Alyssa Marshall, Sarah McCaw, Courtney Reiley April 20, 2015 Company History The origin of Whole Foods Market began as a small natural food store under the name Safer Way Natural Foods in Austin, Texas, in 1980. As interest in the natural food movement quickly grew, Safer Way soon merged with another local natural grocer. This union was called Whole Foods Market (â€Å"Newsroom,† 2015). Though the company started with a mere 19 employees, attraction to this new idea grew rapidly, and it was not long before the company began to build a chain of stores through several acquisitions. Due to the increased interest in natural foods nationwide and very low competition at the time, Whole Foods Market began acquiring food stores all over the nation throughout the 1990s. By 2004, the company had expanded internationally to Canada and the UK â€Å"Newsroom,† 2015). Today the company has 414 stores in the US, Canada, and United Kingdom, and approximately 88,000 team members (â€Å"Newsroom,† 2015). Brand Development and Company Growth Product Development. Though Whole Foods Market began as a company dedicated to solely providing natural foods free of preservatives and other harmful agents, this came at a cost. Shopping at Whole Foods on a continual basis quickly got very expensive for most. With this in mind, Whole Foods decided to launch their own moreShow MoreRelatedMarketing Plan For Whole Foods Market1401 Words   |  6 Pages1.0 Overview of the company: Whole Foods Market is a chain of organic, natural supermarkets found in USA, Canada and the UK. Initially founded in Austin, Texas in 1980, at a time when there were less than half a dozen natural supermarkets, the company saw rapid growth domestically through expanding across Texas and then into the West Coast of America. This was achieved through growth from the ground up and acquiring smaller natural food companies. Whole Foods Market in the present day is the resultRead MoreMarketing Plan For Whole Foods Market1554 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction / History / Company Background Whole Foods Market first opened on September 20, 1980 in Austin, Texas, which is the company headquarters. The founders were John Mackey, Renee Lawson, Craig Weller, and Mark Skiles. These four business people decided that the natural food industry was ready for a supermarket format. The current CEO’s are John Mackey and Walter Robb IV (Whole Foods Market History, 2015). Whole Foods Market stock ticker symbol is WFM and their NACIS code is 445110 (WFM MorningstarRead MoreWhole Foods Market : Company Background And History1676 Words   |  7 PagesCompany Background / History Whole Foods Market first opened on September 20, 1980 in Austin, Texas, which is the company headquarters. The founders were John Mackey, Renee Lawson, Craig Weller, and Mark Skiles where they decided that the natural food industry was ready for a supermarket format (Whole Foods Market History, 2015). The current CEO’s are John Mackey and Walter Robb IV. Whole Foods Market stock ticker symbol is WFM and their NACIS code is 445110 (WFM Morningstar, 2015). The industryRead MoreWhole Foods Mission Statement Essays1332 Words   |  6 PagesI. INTRODUCTION Everybody that is in business is there to make a profit (some firms are just tax shelters) and there are only so many products and services available. What sets the competition apart is how they execute their business practices. This is where a mission statement becomes the â€Å"blueprint† for doing business. â€Å"The mission statement needs to be longer than a phrase or sentence, but not a 2-page document† (David, 2003). This document not only points the managers in the right directionRead MoreWhole Foods Market, 2005: Will There Be Enough Organic Food to Satisfy the Growing Demand?1485 Words   |  6 PagesCase 11 Whole Foods Market, 2005: Will there be enough organic food to satisfy the growing demand? Summary Whole food market is the world’s leading retailer of natural and organic food industry. A firm believer in the virtuous circle entwining food chain, human being and mother earth, they conduct their business true and consistent to their business mission and vision by producing the highest quality of products for its customers and high profits for its investors. Being a philanthropist andRead MoreWhole Foods Market in 2010: Vision, Core Values, and Strategy1045 Words   |  5 PagesWhole Foods Market in 2010: Vision, Core Values, and Strategy 1. What are the chief elements of the strategy that Whole Foods Market is pursuing? The chief elements of the strategy that Whole Foods Market is pursuing are providing foods labeled natural and organic. Whole Foods executes that by offers the highest quality, least processed, most flavorful naturally preserved and fresh foods available. 2. Is Whole Foods’ strategy well matched to market conditions in the food retailing industryRead MoreWhole Foods Market Analysis Essay986 Words   |  4 PagesWhole Foods Market first opened on September 20, 1980 in Austin, Texas which is the company headquarters. The founders were John Mackey, Renee Lawson, Craig Weller, and Mark Skiles. These four business people decided that the natural food industry was ready for a supermarket format (Whole Foods Market History, 2015). The current CEO’s are John Mackey and Walter Robb IV. Whole Foods Market stock ticker symbol is WFM and their NACIS code is 445110 (Morningstar). 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This distribution channel aims at having all distributors in the supply chain to benefit from the products being distributed. Even though American companies always aim at reducing the links in the supply chain, this happens in the developed countries while this company is openingRead MoreWhole Foods : The Biggest Organic Food Market1723 Words   |  7 PagesWhole foods is the U.S’s biggest organic food market which has seen unsurmountable success because of its unique organizational setup and its cutting edge business model. Whole foods unique leadership structure and management style of its CEO, John Mackey, are large contributors to its success; along with the business core values. One would wonder, if such a radical culture can me maintained throughout the long run and if it’ s so successful, why it wouldn’t work in my organization. Has Whole foods

Personal Accomplishment and Management †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Personal Accomplishment and Management. Answer: Introduction Teamwork is considered to be an essential aspect of any organization and team dynamics tends to play a huge role in determining the success of the organization. On the other hand with the advent of technology, basic up gradations have been made in all organizations, however certain organization members often find it difficult to cope up with the same. For this purpose, a critical analysis of the theory will be made. The primary objective of the given essay is to relate incidents based on personal experience and relate hem to respective theories. After relating them to relevant theories and models, an analysis of the implications will be made and recommendations as to how it can be improved will be made. The aspects which have been chosen for the given analysis are teamwork and technological change at work. The essay follows a systematic structure whereby the concepts of Team work and technology at the workplace have been explained. This is followed by a personal reflection on the given topic relating to my own experience (Buckingham Goodall, 2015). The experiences I have gained in the organization have been explained and the shortcomings of them based on the related theories have been made. The theories have been compared to a real life experience, which is then followed by recommendations on the same. Team work can be defined as an effort which is generally made by a team in order to achieve the goals or to perform a particular task in an effective manner. A team can be described as a group of individuals working together towards a common purpose. Effective team can build with an adequate number of team members and resources which are essential for the development of the ram such as space and time, an efficient supervisor, support from the top management. It is very important for a team to have its goals clear and the roles within a team well defined so that there are no problems with respect to the achievement of the tasks. Teamwork can be present in any context and in any organization. It just needs to involve a group of people who work for the achievement of a particular objective. Teamwork can be present in various contexts such as an industrial organization, sports team, healthcare system and other references (Cascio, 2018). Effective team work is not an easy concept. In order to achieve an effective teamwork, there are certain characteristics that need to be present so that the teamwork becomes successful. First of all there needs to be a higher level of interdependence among all the team members so that there is no communication gap between the given members. This helps in developing the team dynamics which helps in achievement of goals. Sharing leadership positions also form an essential aspect of the teamwork present (Chesley, 2014) this gives rise to a feeling of shred responsibility. Personal experience related to Teamwork When I was interning at Samsung for my summer internship I was placed under the sales team of the company and was required to help the team in generating sufficient sales for the organization. For this purpose, I was supposed to help the existing team and guide them in effective decision making of the market and help them to maintain a database of the customers. We were required to make the sales in the various posh areas of Singapore. As I was an intern, I was required not to make any sales but to observe how team work could contribute to an effective completion of the goals. There were 5 members in our team with 2 female and 3 males. All the team members were aged below 30. All of us were under a supervisor, Mr. Chang who would review our daily performance. The normal schedule of a team involved, meeting at the head office at 9am in the morning and updating the supervisor of our progress. The supervisors would then assign us the tasks for the respective day. All of us were judged on team work and not on the basis of individual performance. This required us to work together efficiently and to see to it that the communication between the various team members was clear (Joshi Knight, 2015). However, in actual experience, this was not the case. The different team members in the team were of varied backgrounds and because of this they often did not agree with one another. The members of the team wanted to work on their own convenience and timings which made it impossible for the other team members to function properly. When I joined the team there was no introductory session, for this reason I found the team members, particularly very rude and disinterested. This completely changed my image of the team and I began to believe that the team was following the basic norms of teamwork. Secondly, there existed a lack of coordination among the different team members. The members of the team were not concerned about receiving group targets but were concerned about achieving individual targets. It could be stated that the team work for the team could be better if proper model group development had been applied and had been present. As per my readings, the most popular theory based on teamwork is the Tuckman`s Stages of Group development. It was first developed in 1965 and is an effective model for measuring the effective team building stages. The given model by Tuchman states that a team cannot become successful from the very beginning but they develop over time. There are set defined stages which every group must go through before development and achievement of team targets. No team starts exceptionally well but tends to develop over time. In the forming stage, the team is comparatively new and the individuals have not been able to gel well with one another. All the members of the team are engaged in figuring out the main purpose of the team. In my group during the internship, this stage took place at the beginning of the team formation where all the members were new and were trying to fit in. Various team building techniques and teamwork tips come useful in the given scenario. However, according o my observation, my team did not undergo an effective team formation and the members by the end of the period will still not aware of one another and that lead to a sense of formality in the team. The storming stage forms the second stage of group formation whereby the members begin to challenge one another and arguments start taking place regarding the duties and responsibilities. By the end of this stage, any one person generally emerges as a leader. This stage often leads to a loss of performance or focus. In our team, there existed difference of opinion with respect to the areas to be covered and the tasks assigned. However, these arguments were difficult to resolve and this resulted in the loss of a team member. The third stage is the stage of norming whereby the different parties to the group start working with one another. Although the group I was working with entered to this stage, we never got beyond the initial version of the stage. The team members were not willing to work with one another and this lead to disagreement from various members. I believe that there was a lack of cohesion among the members and all of them were not comfortable with one another. As stated earlier the team I was working with never got to this stage. Due to the schedule constraints of the various members and the unwillingness to work in a tangent, the team was unable to achieve success and the performance could be termed as poor (Grint Woolgar, 2013). We had been appointed as a team to improve our performance overall, however we were unable to do so and bought a bad name to the supervisor as well. This is often described as the last stage of team development and the most essential one. As per my observation, my team was not able to successfully perform in any of the stages due to the perspective and behaviour of the different team members. According to me, the supervisor should have engaged in a team building session. Team building sessions are considered to act as an essential part of the team development strategy. It was the duty of the supervisor of our group at Samsung to see to it that the various members of the team perform effectively. Secondly, I believe that there should have been scheduled meetings. They were to see to it that the different members of the organization were performing well and this demanded them to arrange for regular meetings (Islam, 2014).Thirdly I believe that providing incentives would have worked fine. If different individuals and team members were provided with incentives for the performance or the sales, they would have performed better. There was no incentive present in our team which led to problems with motivation. Lastly, according to me celebrating wins is important. The small wins need to be celebrated. In our team, the small wins were not celebrated adequately and this lead to pr oblems with motivation. With the advent of technology, digital tools have changed the manner in which organizations perform their operations. On a macro level a shift in the technology has changed the manner in which a company functions and has been successful in altering the processes in an organization. These technological advancements and innovation have been developed to increase the work productivity in future. Technology makes the work smarter and it improves the existing communication tools in an n organizations. Although technology has been bliss, the complete shift in the manner in which employees spend their time at work has undergone a complete change and the workers spend more time on social networking sites which have bought down the productivity. However, technology at work has also created opportunities of precision, connection and creativity which make the employees more efficient at doing their jobs. Basic tasks at work like meetings have been automated which leaves more time for the actual work. Collaboration and coordination has also maximized at the workplace due to technology advancements at workplace. Using various chat apps, business specific networks, and email tools has helped the company to serve their customers and employees well. However, not everyone is accustomed to the modern methods of technology and this often results in failure of work performance (DePasse Lee, 2013) Employees often reflect resistance to work in cases where they do not know how to handle a given situation. This leads to increased costs for the firm and problems relating to a dip in the work productivity due to the increased time spent in learning. This experience relates to the time I was interning at an organization ABC limited. The organization is a small company which provides postal services to the customers. This incident relates to 5 years back and when I initially joined the organization, the firm was still maintaining all records on books. This was convenient for them as the employees were mostly middle aged and did not bother to adopt the new technology. However as the technology advanced and the new owner took over, the whole work process at the firm was changed. I was hired to look over the change and help the employees adapting the change. However, the new process involved all the employees to work on a particular database. This database would keep a track of all the deliveries and also ensure that the processes were recorded online. The very beginning of the supply chain would begin by an entrance on the database and the delivery which is marked there would be done at the end. In order to ensure that the performance of the employees can be managed well, each employee was required to log in and communicate using Emails and chats. They were required to send a report to their immediate head defining the work of the day. The employees working in the organization were not accustomed to this advanced technology and faced resistance at workplace. According to me, some of the employees were fast but a majority of them were slow. Due to this, innovation cannot develop that strongly because according to my observation the different members were not able to climb up the Roger`s model of innovation. Innovation Adoption Model Curve The given model aims to understand how an organization would adapt to a given change in the organization and how certain individuals are open to changes whereas some are not. The Roger`s model classifies the employees or the adopters of innovation into large categories based on the fact that certain individuals are more flexible towards technological change in the organization whereas some are not. The different stages of the adapters to technology change at workplace are as follows: Innovators- These are the group of people who are the strongest and the most easily adaptable to any technological innovation that takes place in an organization (Frey Osborne, 2015). They are the ones who often tend to propose the give idea and find ways to ensure that the company has been able to start with the given technological change procedure. As per my observation, the innovator in our given organization was the owner who had proposed the given change. Early Adopters- The early adopters are the people who are opinionated but understand that technological up gradation and change forms an essential part of an organization. In the given company, I observed that there were no early adopters. The people were not happy with the change and decided to resist it. Early Majority-After some resistance, a particular group of employees emerged who decide to embrace the change in a graceful manner. They began to show interest in the given technological up gradation and started learning it. The early majority people are the group of people who tend to observe the given change and adapt it faster than the other people. Late Majority- These are a group of skeptic people who only start performing or adapting to change when the majority of the people in the organization start doing so. Most of the employees often fall to this category. These set of employees often resist to change and then they see to it that the change which has been made in the given context relates everyone first and then they adopt it. As per my observation in the organization, 80% of the employees fall to this category. This group of employees only began to change their ways when they observed that others were changing too. Therefore, from the analysis made it could be analyzed that the organization faced certain problems while adapting to the technological change in the organization. Hence, to make the technological change phase smoother, the following has been suggested: Conduct training and analysis- The Company needs to conduct proper training and analysis which will then go a long way in helping the employees to adapt to the given change in the market. According to me, ABC Limited did not indulge in any training and development which caused further resistance among the employees. Identification of loopholes- The loopholes that exist in an organization need to be identified at an early stage. This shall help in making the organization understand where the focus of the organization lies. Selecting the right kind of technology-The right kind of technological update is the main essence of the organization. ABC limited could have started updating its technology with respect to just one organization but instead it engaged in the change of all the processes which according to me was incorrect (Galegher, Kraut, Egido, 2014). Gaining acceptance- It needs to involve the employees in the decision making process in order to ensure that the employees di not reflect resistance during the change process. Provide incentives- providing the employees incentives is an optimum way of ensuring that the employees are willing to adapt to the technological change. Conclusion Therefore from the given analysis it could be observed that an organization is a storehouse of activities and the employees form the primary essence of the organization. It is every important for the organization to ensure that the employees are happy and are working adequately in order to see to it that the organization is able to achieve its goals and objectives in the right manger. The first part of the essay throws light on the Team work aspect. It relates to the concept of team work and then describes a personal experience based on the concept. The theory of group development has been employed in order to understand the various stages where the team I was assigned to lagged. The second part of the essay discusses the Technology at workplace aspect and discusses my personal experience when I was interning at an organization. The Rogers model has been applied to the given scenario. References Buckingham, M., Goodall, A. (2015). Reinventing performance management. Harvard Business Review , 93(4), 40-50. Cascio, W. (2018). Managing human resource. McGraw-Hill Education. Chesley, N. (2014). Information and communication technology use, work intensification and employee strain and distress. Work, employment and society , 28(4), 589-610. DePasse, J., Lee, P. ( 2013). A model for reverse innovation in health care. Globalization and health , 9(1),, 40. Duffy, T., Jonassen, D. e. ( 2013.). Constructivism and the technology of instruction: A conversation. Routledge. Frey, C., Osborne, M. (2015). Technology at work: The future of innovation and employment. Citi GPS. Galegher, J., Kraut, R., Egido, C. (2014). Intellectual teamwork: Social and technological foundations of cooperative work. Psychology Press. Grint, K., Woolgar, S. (2013). The machine at work: Technology, work and organization. . John Wiley Sons. . Islam, T. (2014). Household level innovation diffusion model of photo-voltaic (PV) solar cells from stated preference data. Energy Policy , 65, 340-350. Joshi, A., Knight, A. (2015). Who defers to whom and why? Dual pathways linking demographic differences and dyadic deference to team effectiveness. Academy of Management Journal , 58(1), 59-84. Kaplan, S., LaPort, K., Waller, M. ( 2013). The role of positive affectivity in team effectiveness during crises. Journal of Organizational Behavior , 473-491. Borrego, M., Karlin, J., McNair, L.D., Beddoes, K. (2013). Team effectiveness theory from industrial and organizational psychology applied to engineering student project teams: A research review.Journal of Engineering Education,102(4), pp.472-512. Doyle, G.J., Garrett, B. Currie, L.M. (2014). Integrating mobile devices into nursing curricula: Opportunities for implementation using Rogers' Diffusion of Innovation model.Nurse education today,34(5), pp.775-782. Driedonks, B.A., Gevers, J.M. van Weele, A.J. (2014). Success factors for sourcing teams: How to foster sourcing team effectiveness.European Management Journal,32(2), pp.288-304. Kilpatrick, K., Lavoie?Tremblay, M., Lamothe, L., Ritchie, J.A. Doran, D. (2013). Conceptual framework of acute care nurse practitioner role enactment, boundary work, and perceptions of team effectiveness.Journal of advanced nursing,69(1), pp.205-217. Mahembe, B. Engelbrecht, A.S. (2013). The relationship between servant leadership, affective team commitment and team effectiveness.SA Journal of Human Resource Management,11(1), pp.1-10 Mone, E.M. London, M. (2014).Employee engagement through effective performance management: A practical guide for managers. Routledge. Pangil, F. Moi Chan, J. (2014). The mediating effect of knowledge sharing on the relationship between trust and virtual team effectiveness.Journal of Knowledge Management,18(1), pp.92-106. Pulakos, E.D., Hanson, R.M., Arad, S. Moye, N. (2015). Performance management can be fixed: An on-the-job experiential learning approach for complex behavior change.Industrial and Organizational Psychology,8(1), pp.51-76. Shih, S.P., Jiang, J.J., Klein, G. Wang, E. (2013). Job burnout of the information technology worker: Work exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment.Information Management,50(7), pp.582-589. Van Dooren, W., Bouckaert, G. Halligan, J. (2015).Performance management in the public sector. Routledge. Vuki?, V.B., Bach, M.P. Popovi?, A. (2013). Supporting performance management with business process management and business intelligence: A case analysis of integration and orchestration.International journal of information management,33(4), pp.613-619. Wang, D., Waldman, D.A. Zhang, Z. (2014). A meta-analysis of shared leadership and team effectiveness.Journal of applied psychology,99(2), p.181.

Persuasive Bullying free essay sample

This article is a practical help for you in your persuasive bullying essay writing. We will write a custom essay sample on Persuasive Bullying or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In order to write a good persuasive bullying essay, you have to become determine with the fact what the bullying is and how badly it influences the people. The definition of the notion of bullying is as follows: bullying is an open aggression towards a person or towards a group of people by the other person or a group of people. There are so many kinds of bullying, however, we are going to deal with the bullying, which is taking place in the colleges and other higher educational establishments because of this problem is too sharp in this very field nowadays. In order to write a professional persuasive bullying essay you have to write it from the prism of psychology. That is why be ready to investigate and analyze a lot while your persuasive bullying essay writing. A Topic Addressing a Common Occurrence Bullying Essays Need Novel and Fresh Perspectives Have you ever been bullied? Have you ever bullied someone? Sometimes what we think as simple teasing may amount to bullying in the eyes and the minds of someone with a sensitive mind. Therefore, this is a common occurrence which has repercussions which most of us may not foresee. Writing a bullying essay, can contain the feelings you had when either being bullied or bullying someone. On the other hand, it could be about the repercussions as mental trauma undergone by the victims. There are many ways in which to write this essay. However, firstly, we need to understand what bullying is. Defining Bullying Bullying is behaviour where one individual who is usually physically bigger act obnoxiously, annoying and physically and mentally disturbing another individual. Most often bullying comes from people who are either lacking in social skills or some form of personal affliction or a complex. Bullying is most common in young children. There are many instances where a small made child is often bullied by bigger and aggressive children. But we also see adults resorting to bullying younger children or more timid individuals. Write a Bullying Essay Which Address this Social Bane The Dire Repercussions of Bullying can be addressed in a Bullying Essay Bullying is something which can occur in many places. Bullying will begin mainly in schools, beginning at the age of ten or twelve. However, it is something which many people do regardless of age as well. This extends the habit to colleges, work place and even home. Writing a bullying essay will educate you and others on the repercussions of bullying. Your essay on bullying can be handled in various ways. If you wish, you will be able to concentrate on the repercussions of being bullied, especially once carried too far, how to stop bullying, and the reasons for bullying. Make sure that you develop a proper essay layout and plan what part of bullying you will concentrate on in your essay. Persuasive Bullying free essay sample This article is a practical help for you in your persuasive bullying essay writing. We will write a custom essay sample on Persuasive Bullying or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In order to write a good persuasive bullying essay, you have to become determine with the fact what the bullying is and how badly it influences the people. The definition of the notion of bullying is as follows: bullying is an open aggression towards a person or towards a group of people by the other person or a group of people. There are so many kinds of bullying, however, we are going to deal with the bullying, which is taking place in the colleges and other higher educational establishments because of this problem is too sharp in this very field nowadays. In order to write a professional persuasive bullying essay you have to write it from the prism of psychology. That is why be ready to investigate and analyze a lot while your persuasive bullying essay writing. A Topic Addressing a Common Occurrence Bullying Essays Need Novel and Fresh Perspectives Have you ever been bullied? Have you ever bullied someone? Sometimes what we think as simple teasing may amount to bullying in the eyes and the minds of someone with a sensitive mind. Therefore, this is a common occurrence which has repercussions which most of us may not foresee. Writing a bullying essay, can contain the feelings you had when either being bullied or bullying someone. On the other hand, it could be about the repercussions as mental trauma undergone by the victims. There are many ways in which to write this essay. However, firstly, we need to understand what bullying is. Defining Bullying Bullying is behaviour where one individual who is usually physically bigger act obnoxiously, annoying and physically and mentally disturbing another individual. Most often bullying comes from people who are either lacking in social skills or some form of personal affliction or a complex. Bullying is most common in young children. There are many instances where a small made child is often bullied by bigger and aggressive children. But we also see adults resorting to bullying younger children or more timid individuals. Write a Bullying Essay Which Address this Social Bane The Dire Repercussions of Bullying can be addressed in a Bullying Essay Bullying is something which can occur in many places. Bullying will begin mainly in schools, beginning at the age of ten or twelve. However, it is something which many people do regardless of age as well. This extends the habit to colleges, work place and even home. Writing a bullying essay will educate you and others on the repercussions of bullying. Your essay on bullying can be handled in various ways. If you wish, you will be able to concentrate on the repercussions of being bullied, especially once itÐ ²Ãâ€šÃ¢â€ž ¢s carried too far, how to stop bullying, and the reasons for bullying. Make sure that you develop a proper essay layout and plan what part of bullying you will concentrate on in your essay.

Pinterest Tips for Freelance Writers

Pinterest Tips for Freelance Writers Like many people, I used to see the social-networking site Pinterest as merely a place to show pictures of pretty clothes and yummy food. Yet the more I learned about the marketing possibilities of Pinterest, the more I realize that I (and you) can use Pinterest to boost freelancing income. First, understand the demographics. Youll reach lots of women. In fact, 80 percent of Pinterest users are women, according to Digital Marketing Ramblings. That means that if you write stuff popular with women, such as romance novels and health articles, you stand first in line. Then, use the boards to show facets of your career and life. For example, even though I have a board for my freelancing, I also pin pictures of food, fashion, cute male celebrities. If you head to my Pinterest account, youll see that I adore the actor Justin Theroux. I also like cupcakes. Pinterest Analytics, like Google Analytics, generates comprehensive statistics on a specific websites traffic, helping marketers in their campaigns. It collects data on the percentage of change within a specific time, determining whether a product becomes more or less popular, and it guides marketing agencies towards changing strategies to gain more popularity. Oftentimes, marketing agencies change the visual content of their pins to appeal to the Pinterest community. While only certain companies such as Salesforce and Hootsuite are given access to Pinterest Analytics data, you can use a rough version of analytics to figure out the popularity of your content. So if you start a board showing pins of your published writing, create pins that show writing that appeal to the mostly-female community. Youll become more popular pinning about a traditional recipe for chocolate-chip cookies than pinning about sports or other stuff that appeals mostly to men. Like Facebook and Twitter, Pinterest uses â€Å"following† and messaging to connect users to each other. In 2014, Pinterest introduced instant messaging, a faster way to share content. When one of your followers repins or like your pin, contact them directly. Your follower will appreciate your personal response and will potentially make your boards more popular among her own followers. Youll also find boards of fellow freelance writers. For example, I went to Google and typed in â€Å"Pinterest freelance writing boards.† One of the many results was a board for breaking into regional parenting magazines. I studied the content of this board and gained potential markets for my parenting articles. I also found boards on freelance writing tips, resources. To attract more traffic to your Pinterest platform, start a board full of your own tips. Repin and like the freelancing pins that you especially connect to. In 2015, Pinterest celebrates its fifth anniversary. Its grown from a home business with 5,000 users to a valuable resource for companies such as The Gap and political wives such as Ann Romney and Michelle Obama. Use some tactics from content strategists to take your freelancing to another level. Enclosed are several resources for freelance writers who also use Pinterest: Time names Pinterest.com one of the best websites of 2011 time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2087815_2088159_2088155,00.html Pinterest more popular than LinkedIn, YouTube, and Google+ http://mashable.com/2012/02/01/pinterest-traffic-study/ Pinterest drums up more business that Facebook washingtonpost.com/business/technology/pinterest-vs-facebook-whose-users-spend-more/2012/05/09/gIQATXkoCU_story.html 140 Amazing Pinterest Stats http://expandedramblings.com/index.php/pinterest-stats/#.U5E-wpRdWzd The official website pinterest.com/

Should You Prep for the PSAT 3 Reasons Why

Should You Prep for the PSAT 3 Reasons Why SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Even if prepping for the SAT or ACT isn't the most enjoyable of activities, it's easy to see why it's important to do well on these tests. Depending on your point of view, SAT and ACT scores are either tools that colleges use to help figure out if you're a good match for them and if you'll succeed at their schools...or are admissions gatekeepers that you have to conquer if you want to attend most American colleges*. By contrast, PSAT scores are never seen by colleges. Even if you get a perfect score on the PSAT, it's really only useful for helping you qualify for a National Merit Scholarship- something that only US citizens and permanent residents are eligible for. So why prep for the PSAT, and what do you need to know about PSAT prep if you're interested in trying it out? Keep reading to find out more about the pros and cons of focused PSAT prep (rather than joint PSAT/SAT prep) and what our PSAT prep recommendations are. *exceptions include test-optional schools and Hampshire. Why Take the PSAT? While the SAT (or ACT) is far, far more helpful to college applications than the PSAT, there still are good reasons to take the PSAT. We'll start with the most important reason: if taking the PSAT is required by your high school. If The PSAT Is Mandatory in Your School In some high schools (particularly public high schools), the PSAT is mandatory for all students. Sometimes, this just means that you'll have to take the PSAT NMSQT the fall of your junior year. Depending on your school, however, you may also have to take the PSAT NMSQT or PSAT 10 sophomore year, and indeed some students start taking PSAT-like-exams (PSATLE?) as early as 8th grade with the PSAT 8/9. Dealing with all these extra standardized tests is kind of a pain as a student, but from the high school's point of view, the PSAT is a good way to see if students are on track for college applications. No matter what point of view you look at it from, though, if it's mandatory to take the PSAT at your school, then you'll have to take the PSAT. What if, though, you don't fall into this category? Perhaps you could take the PSAT but you'd have to go to a different school to take it, or your school offers the PSAT but doesn't require students take it- should you take it anyway? In these cases, the PSAT is still worth taking for the following two reasons. Taking the PSAT Is Mandatory to Qualify for National Merit You may know that another name for the PSAT students take in the fall of 11th (and sometimes 10th) grade is the PSAT NMSQT (or National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test). That's because the only way to qualify for a National Merit Scholarship is through taking the PSAT NMSQT as a high school junior. National Merit Scholarships are merit-based (rather than need-based) awards given to students who have (through testing and other factors) qualified as National Merit Finalists. The competition for National Merit is open to high school students who: are enrolled and progressing normally towards graduation (basically, you plan to graduate high school in four years, not more or less) plan to enroll full time in college the fall after high school (no gap years!) are US citizens or US lawful permanent residents planning to become citizens We'll discuss the different kinds of scholarships you can win by becoming a National Merit Finalist (and what steps beyond the PSAT you need to take to become one), but for now, just know that if you want to win a National Merit Scholarship, you must take the PSAT NMSQT in your junior year and do extremely well. The PSAT Is Great Practice for the SAT Taking the PSAT can be a great low-stakes way to see what taking a college entrance exam will be like. You can treat it as an extra chance to get used to standardized testing without having to worry about the scores affecting your college acceptance. Learning how you react to extended periods of focus on a test, how stressed you feel doing a math test without a calculator, what the time pressure is like- you can gather tons of different data points for future SAT/ACT prep by taking the PSAT. There are fewer and fewer schools these days, even among top-tier colleges and universities, that require all SAT scores sent (notable exceptions include Yale, Georgetown, UC Berkeley and Carnegie Mellon), so if you have the time and money, you can take the real SAT just to see what it's like and not worry about your scores. However, in most public high schools, taking the PSAT is free- or at least significantly cheaper than the SAT- and its administration is built into the school day (no need to waste half a Saturday). Bottom line: the PSAT is a fine way to dip your toe into the waters of college entrance tests at low cost but under realistic conditions. Dip your toe into the water of college entrance exams with the PSAT and the sands of standardized test experience will follow. PSAT Prep vs. SAT Prep: What's the Difference? While there's a lot that remains the same between the PSAT and the SAT (including the subject areas covered and test structure), there are a few major differences between the tests that lead to differences in PSAT prep compared to SAT prep. The most important difference between the two tests is that PSAT scores are not looked at by colleges, whereas SAT scores are very much an important factor in college admissions. It's possible to argue that colleges might consider your being a National Merit Semi-Finalist when looking at your application, which indirectly relates to your PSAT score, but the SAT vastly outweighs the PSAT in importance when it comes to college admission. Because of this, PSAT prep is lower stakes than SAT prep. Another key difference between the PSAT and SAT is that the PSAT has no essay section. While the SAT essay section is optional, and more and more schools are making it optional to send SAT essay scores, there are still a number of schools (mostly highly selective colleges) that do require you to take the SAT with the essay. Therefore, students prepping for the SAT and aiming for a high score to get into top-tier schools will need to spend some of that prep time learning how to write a high-scoring SAT essay. By contrast, students studying for the PSAT don't need to bother with essay prep. Overall, the PSAT is also a little easier than the SAT, both in terms of timing and content covered. With the exception of the Writing and Language section (which has the same number of questions and is the same length on the PSAT as on the SAT), there are fewer questions per section on the PSAT than the SAT. While you have the same time per question on PSAT Reading as on SAT Reading, there are fewer questions on each passage; and both PSAT Math sections give you more time per question while asking fewer questions than the SAT Math sections do. The cumulative result of these timing differences is that you need slightly less endurance to take the PSAT than the SAT- you only have to concentrate for an hour and 45 minutes instead of two full hours. Combined with having more time to answer each Math question, these timing differences between the PSAT and SAT mean that when prepping for the PSAT, you don't have to get as good at time management as you do for the SAT. Finally, there are subtle differences between the content covered on the PSAT and SAT. As we mention in this article comparing the PSAT and SAT, there may be slightly fewer big picture and inference questions and more detail-finding questions on the PSAT than on the SAT. In addition, the PSAT Math sections contain proportionally fewer questions that require geometric and trigonometric knowledge than do the SAT Math sections. Instead, PSAT Math includes more questions (compared to SAT Math questions) on the Passport to Advanced Math topic areas, like functions and linear and nonlinear systems of equations. Your PSAT prep will reflect this difference- instead of having to cover the SAT's harder topics (that you may not have yet learned in school as an 11th grader), you can spend more time perfecting a smaller number of skills. Now that we've discussed why you should take the PSAT at all and the differences between prepping for the PSAT and the SAT, we'll move on to the debate of whether or not to prep for the PSAT. Why Do PSAT Prep? With the College Board offering free SAT prep through Khan Academy and ACT, Inc. offering paid ACT prep, it's become pretty clear that even the testing companies themselves admit that prepping for the SAT and ACT will help you get a higher score. Because the PSAT is just a slightly easier, slightly shorter version of the SAT, it makes sense that you can prep for the PSAT and increase your score the same way you can with the SAT. Since PSAT scores aren't used in college applications, however, it can be harder to figure out whether or not it makes sense for you to prep for the PSAT. To help you decide, we've laid out the arguments for the three most compelling reasons to spend time prepping for the PSAT: qualifying for National Merit, focusing on one thing at a time, and getting ready for SAT prep. Reason 1: Qualifying for the National Merit Scholarship The number one reason students take the PSAT is to qualify for the National Merit Scholarship. We have a more detailed breakdown of how the National Merit Scholarship process works in this article, but basically what happens is that you take the PSAT NMSQT in the fall of your junior year to see if you can score well enough to become a National Merit Semifinalist (which is the first step on the road to becoming a National Merit Finalist and getting a National Merit Scholarship). As a National Merit Finalist, you can win a National Merit scholarship, a scholarship from your college, or a corporate scholarship. For more info on how to get each type of scholarships, read this article explaining how you can qualify for and win a National Merit scholarship. Let's now go back to the first step of the process, which happens when you take the PSAT NMSQT in the fall (usually October or early November) of your junior year. Your PSAT score qualifies you for National Merit depending on whether your score passes the cutoff for your state. The cutoff isn't announced officially by the College Board, but it can be inferred from students receiving notification that they have or haven't become a national merit semifinalist. You can find out what your state's National Merit cutoff score was last year here. By taking an official PSAT practice test or by comparing your sophomore year score on the PSAT to the cutoff score for your state, you can get a good idea of how much prep you'll need to score high enough to pass your state's cutoff score and become a National Merit Semi-Finalist. Aiming for a National Merit Scholarship but worried your score won't qualify? If you're not sure you can self-study your way to a qualifying PSAT score, you'll love our PSAT prep program, PrepScholar. We designed our program to learn your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics and customize your prep to be as effective as possible for you. When you start with PrepScholar, you’ll take a diagnostic that will determine your weaknesses in over forty PSAT skills. PrepScholar then creates a study program specifically customized for you. To improve each skill, you’ll take focused lessons dedicated to each skill, with over 20 practice questions per skill. This will train you for your specific area weaknesses, so your time is always spent most effectively to raise your score. We also force you to focus on understanding your mistakes and learning from them. If you make the same mistake over and over again, we'll call you out on it. There’s no other prep system out there that does it this way, which is why we get better score results than any other program on the market. Check it out today with a 5-day free trial: Reason 2: Focusing on One Test at a Time Because PSAT prep and SAT prep are so similar, many students who are aiming for National Merit either go straight to studying for the SAT as prep for the PSAT or try to study for both tests at once. Whether or not this is effective really depends on the individual student. Some students thrive by multitasking. Whether it's doing homework while listening to music and eating dinner or preparing to take multiple SAT subject tests on one day, these students get good results when they maximize their time by doing multiple things at once. For other students, however, having to prep for multiple things at once (particularly if they're academic or test-related things like the PSAT and SAT) is so stressful that it leads to poorer performance on everything. As an example: during college, I had multiple assignments I had to hand in at the end of each finals period. Rather than work a little on each assignment each day, I found it more effective for me to focus on one project at a time and get it out of the way before going on to the next. Similarly, depending on what kind of student you are, you may find that it's more helpful to start out by focusing just on the PSAT, getting that over and done with, and then moving on to study for the SAT. This "one thing at a time" strategy works well for students who have some time during sophomore year or the summer before junior year to set aside specifically for PSAT study. CAUTION: If you're just starting to study the fall of your junior year and your prep time is limited, you're better off going straight to SAT prep. If you have to choose between PSAT prep and SAT prep, the clear choice is SAT prep. It's only if you have the time to do both that you should consider prepping for the PSAT and SAT separately. If you're feeling overwhelmed by everything you have to do for college applications, it can be helpful to prep for one test at a time. Reason 3: Getting in Gear for SAT Prep One other benefit to prepping for the PSAT is that it put you in a good place for SAT prep. As we discuss in detail in this article comparing the PSAT and SAT, there are very few content differences between the PSAT and SAT (the main difference being in the math concepts covered and the increased length of the SAT). By prepping for the PSAT, you'll be more than 75% of the way there for the SAT. You won't be able to get away without doing any SAT-specific prep (particularly for those math topics that aren't on the PSAT), but the amount of work that you'll have to do is way less than those starting on SAT prep from scratch. If the "doing more prep now means less hard prep later" argument isn't convincing, think about it in non-test prep terms. Imagine that you want to learn how to play the piano by the end of junior year of high school. You have the option of learning how to play an electric keyboard first or just starting straight on the piano. Also, for some reason there's an electric keyboard competition the fall of your junior year that could lead to you winning money; it's only open to people playing the electric keyboard, though (not people playing the piano). Because the electric keyboard and piano are so similar, if you do start out by just teaching yourself to play the electric keyboard (what the notes are, how to read music, how to do different things with your right and left hands at once, etc), you'll be most of the way there to learning the piano; all you'll have to get used to is the bigger range and using the pedals. Or in test-prep terms, if you prep for the PSAT, you'll just need to learn any pre-calc math you hadn't learned when you took the PSAT and work on time management and endurance in order to prepare for the SAT. What if you're already studying for the SAT, or don't have the time to first study for the PSAT and then for the SAT? Going back to the analogy, if you already know how to play the piano, then you don't need to do intensive prep to teach yourself how to play the electric keyboard- you just need to do a practice test to make sure you get used to playing on a simpler instrument. Or in the case of the PSAT/SAT, if you've already studied for the SAT, you just need to take a PSAT practice test to make sure you're all set for that. Basically, if you prep for the PSAT, it'll help you prep for the SAT; if you're already prepping for the SAT, that will also prep you for the PSAT. While we've gone over some of the reasons students might want to prep for the PSAT, there are also cases in which PSAT prep is unnecessary and pointless. We'll get into these cases in the next section. When PSAT Prep is Unnecessary As we mentioned above, the main reason to take the PSAT (other than your school forcing you to take it) is to qualify to apply for a National Merit Scholarship. If you're not interested in qualifying (or are ineligible) for that National Merit Scholarship, then there is no point in doing pure PSAT prep. That doesn't mean you can't prep at all- you just should jump right into prepping for the SAT (or ACT) You can still treat the PSAT as a chance to take an official standardized test and get used to what sitting and concentrating for that long at once feels like, but there's no need to prep for the PSAT in particular. Another important point that we touched on earlier is that prepping for the SAT will help you with the PSAT. If you start to prep for the SAT before your junior year (when you'd take the PSAT NMSQT), any SAT prep you do will also prepare you for the PSAT. Of course, if you're not prepping for the SAT effectively, then you won't prep for the PSAT any more effectively. But, assuming you're putting in time and effort in the right way, if you're already prepping for the SAT, there's no need to do additional PSAT prep. Summary: Is PSAT Prep Right for You? Whether or not it makes sense for you to prep for the PSAT specifically (instead of just prepping for the SAT) depends on a few different factors. We've put these factors into a checklist you can go through below to see if prepping for the PSAT is the right call for you. Should You Study for the PSAT? YES, if... NO, if... You're hoping to qualify for National Merit You don't care about National Merit You work better when focusing on prepping for one test at a time You're already prepping for the SAT anyway You want to get a head start on prepping for the SAT but don't want to prep for the SAT because you haven't learned all the math you need to know for it yet You don't have the time and just want to focus on SAT prep If you checked off all "No" answers, there's no need to do any PSAT-specific prep; instead, you should turn all your prep energies toward studying for the SAT (or ACT). However, if you checked off any of the "Yes" reasons, then it's worth thinking about doing some prep for the PSAT in particular. What's Next? Doing well on the PSAT is just the first step to winning a National Merit Scholarship. Find out how the whole process works with our complete guide to becoming a National Merit Finalist and winning the scholarship. The PSAT NMSQT is only offered once each year in the fall, but what date is it this year? We tell you when the PSAT is and when you'll get your scores in this article. Curious what the PSAT looks like? Want to try your hand at a practice test? We have a complete list of all the free official practice tests the College Board has released here. Want to improve your PSAT score by 150 points? We have the industry's leading PSAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

Assignment in Micro economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Assignment in Micro economics - Essay Example In micro economics, both individuals and firms make choices on how to use limited economic resources to meet their consumption and production factions respectively (Armstrong, Kervenoael and Read, 1998). Graph of relationship between the three situations above, Where MR=Marginal Revenue, AR=Average Revenue and MC=Marginal Cost. The output is represented by Q while price by P. A monopoly may want to reduce out put from Q1=17.5units to Q3=25units so that he can sell at a higher price P3=$35 (Asian Development Bank, 2002). However, economies of scale substitution may arise leading to a shift in marginal cost from MC1 to MC2 (Pirayoff, 2004).This shift may cause an increase in monopolist out put from Q1=17.5 Units to Q2=40 units. Leading to a decrease in price from a competitive price to a lower price P2=$30 despite the availability of a monopoly price =$35 (Brakman and Heijdra, 2004). (b)A gardener states that for only $1 in seeds, she has been able to grow over $20 produce-enormous profits. Do you agree or disagree with her/ explain. Yes I agree with her because if she was operating in a monopolistic competition, it is possible to earn enormous profits in the short run as shown in the diagram below (Garner and Short, K2009). Based on computations, it can be scrutinized that, a fraction of 50 Sam Adam bear: 50bowls of clam chowder will maximize Kerry’s Utility which occurs as a result of consumption between Pints of Adam Samuel bear and bowls of Legal Seafood’s famous clam cbowder (Frank, and Bernanke, 2003). Armstrong, H, De Kervenoael, R, Li, X, & Read, R 1998, A comparison of the economic performance of different micro-states, and between micro-states and.., World Development, 26, 4, p. 639, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 4 December 2012. Garner, T, and Short, K 2009, Accounting for owner-occupied dwelling services: Aggregates and distributions, Journal Of Housing Economics, 18, 3, pp. 233-248, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 4

Information Technology (Computers) Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Information Technology (Computers) - Coursework Example Such legislations include the Foreign Corrupt Practices act of 1997 and the 1991 Federal Sentencing Guidelines. The Federal Sentencing Guidelines of 1991 states that companies are responsible for their employee’s actions. The Foreign Corrupt Practices act of 1997 was created to recognize questionable actions among corporations. Guidelines that have been created are amongst the following: 1. All forms of communication devices or otherwise that belong to the company can only be used for the benefit of the company. Only those who are authorized may be able to use the internet but only for official business reasons. 2. Software that is needed to support your job must be analyzed and accepted by a supervisor and installed by the IT department. 3. Use of internet can provide security breaches and other harmful effects to your company’s system. Thus only authorized personal should be able to use the internet. 4. E-mail also applies to this. It can only be used for reasons that involve the company’s intention. Any viewing of pornography or sending of pornographic messages will be logged and taken against the offender. Any discrimination found in e-mails will also be logged and can be grounds for termination. 5. Any information stored or sent from company’s devices are property of the company. No information created or stored in the workplace should be considered private. Your computer and information can be confiscated at any time. I agree with these terms because this equipment is company owned. The company has every right to know what is going on with its employers and how its devices are being used. Secondly, work is work. There is time for one to play games but not during work hours and especially not with work property. Information and Hard Discs 1. First the information must be located on a disk. The wares that determine which part of the disk to read can be the application, operating system, system BIOS and a specialized driver softwa re for the disk. 2. One or more translations steps are needed make a final request to the drive producing an address expressed in its geometry. The drive’s geometry typically consists of terms such as the cylinder, the head and sector of the drive that is supposed to be read. Through the disk drive interface, a request is sent to the drive giving the specified address and permission to retrieve the sector of interest. 3. The control program of the hard disk will begin by checking if the requested information is in the hard disk’s cache. If it is present then the program will supply the information on the spot. 4. Drives are usually spinning. If the power management has been modified to "spin down" to conserve energy, the drive's controller board will allow the spindle motor to â€Å"spin up† the drive so it can operate. 5. The controller board would continue reading and translate information .It would also consider the unique characteristics of the drive. The lo gic program of the hard disk would consider also the number of the cylinder. The cylinder then relays to the disk what track should be used on the disk’s surface. Then, the actuator finally reads/write the head to the right track. 6. As soon as the heads are in the right place, it starts reading the location. It prioritizes the sector that was requested to be read. The disk would

One Persons Free

One Persons Freedom Fighter Is Another Persons Terrorist Essay Introduction The terrorist attacks in America have since publicized controversial attitudes in understanding and defining terrorism. There is a misconception of terrorism as it was only in actuality brought to light after the attacks in America on 11 September 2001 (Best Nocella, 2004); this has guided many to assume that terrorism arose in light of the 11 September attacks, when actually terrorism did not begin in 2001; nor is it restricted to extremists in the Middle East. Here is where much of the difficulty lies in defining terrorism; thus the now famous quotation, â€Å"One person’s terrorist is another person’s freedom fighter’. This essay will look at both the way this phrase can be beneficial and inversely cause issues in the objective to define terrorism. It is apparent that there are objective distinctions that can be made that separate the true terrorist from the true freedom fighter. Regardless of derogatory labels or national political ideology these distinctions do exist. Therefore the aim of this essay will be to critically examine the notion that One person’s terrorist is another person’s freedom fighter through examining three existential differences that can help to draw a theoretical line between a freedom fighter and a terrorist. They lie first in tactical theory; second, in sources for motivation; and third, in the discrepancies of the justifications for the actions of each. It is these three distinctions in contrast to the quote’s implied similarities that will assist in achieving an accurate definition of terrorism. To examine the wider processes involving the application of the terrorist label, the Cuban Revolution’s major figure Ernesto ‘Che’ Guevara will be used as a framework and a practical source to refer to as the essay unravels the application of a terrorist label in relation to the abovementioned phrase. This somewhat superficial phrase can be useful as it suggests that the motives and the methods used may be separable. Terrorism is merely a phrase. It is tactical choices in which those who chose to employ terror can ideally do so in achieving any cause they desire (Caplan, 2006 pg. 92). Consequently it is indeed possible for any people who are validating themselves as fighting freedom from an unjust authority to make the choice to use terrorism as a tactical choice in achieving their goal. Secondly the phrase advocates that defining terrorism can become a moral issue. The definition depends wholly on the subjective outlook of the efiner. The terrorist label The struggle in defining the terrorist has been apparent throughout history. Scharf (2001) has also made this discovery as he states that the problem of defining terrorism has vexed the international community for years. Conceptual issues are not the only problem in defining terrorism. Labelling actions as terrorism promotes cond emnation of the actors; a definition may therefore reflect ideological or political bias (Silke, 1998). Silke (1998) goes on to suggest that a misleading trend is a result of ‘attribution bias’ and that it has done nothing other than â€Å"taint terrorism with a pathology aura†. Many of the terrorist labels that have been employed over the years are based on community and individual perceptions creating a subjective definition (Jenkin, 2006 Pg. 3). Following the 11 September 2001 attacks, the use of the word terrorism or terrorist has become an offensive label (Ganor, 2002). These labels may lead to further implications for how countries, populations and individuals define terrorism (DeAngelis, 2009). The psychology of terrorism is marked more by theory and opinion as opposed to scientific research. Assisting in DeAngelis findings are many articles implying that many of the individuals who engage in terrorist activity will contest that they are terrorists but rather freedom fighters (Schwartz, Dunkel, ; Waterman, 2009; Whiteley, 2010). This tethering in with the now famous phrase; One persons terrorist is another persons freedom fighter. Before labelling an individual or group of people terrorists or freedom fighters it is important to take into consideration the three differences as apposed to the similarities that the quotation implies: 1. Tactical Choice The first of the three differences is the tactical theory used. The terrorist will employ tactics in order to target civilians (Tavares, 2003 pg. 13). It is however rare for enough civilians to be targeted in order to have any form of physical impact on the states resources. The general aim becomes to separate the greater part of society from its incumbent authorities through the use of fear. Crenshaw (1981, pg: 386) suggests that this is utilized to weaken the powers of authorities that on the contrary result in the terrorist group to be perceived as more powerful. The goal of the terrorists tactics becomes less concrete as they believe that a relatively small attack will result in the overall political goals of their group to be identified. In contrast Ganor (2006) states that freedom fighters do not target civilians however focus their target on armed forces. Their objective then becomes to diminish the militaries resources to the point where the balance of hard power in particular area, shifts into ones own favour leading to the concrete goal of an enemies surrender and capitulation to ones demands (Ganor, 2006). . Sources for Motivation It is stated by most theories that terrorists are motivated by more than just exclusively political goals (Whiteley, 2010). Freedom fighters are motivated by what is encompassed in their name i. e. their quest for liberty; on the other hand terrorists are grounded on a less concrete foundation ranging from a variety of goals, that are not all rationally political. Certain personal goals seem to either misund erstand or directly conflict with the aim of achieving freedom. Jenkins (1983) states that the ultimate terrorist goal is to terrorise in furtherance of an otherwise legitimate political goal rather than just to terrorise; just like when a nation state resorts to war to achieve political goals when diplomacy fails. Jenkins raises a point in relation to the inspiration of terrorist behaviour, stating that learned ideological values are antecedents to terrorist behaviour, not personality defects. The differences in the motivations between a freedom fighter and terrorist are often grounds where the terrorist myths are created. Terrorists justify their actions through exaggerations that consequently result in an inaccurate perception of the world in order to justify their terrorist tactics. The terrorist myth seeks to prove that those who witness terrorism have a misconception of both the world around them and themselves, therefore needing a ‘wake up call’, that of course is in the form of a terrorist attack. This justification will ultimately be to their benefit (Moghaddam , 2006, Pg. 85). This myth is projected to validate what the functions of terrorism are, these include; showing that authorities are impotent, to create a sense of instability in society and to assert the existence of a terrorists power. The goals of a terrorist clearly show that they are less politically focused and more personal; consequently representing less of a fight for freedom and more of a fight to be renown for their power (Whiteley, 2010). In summary of the two abovementioned areas of distinction between a terrorist and a freedom fighter; Senator Jackson was quoted by Benyamin Netanyahus (1985, pg 18) as stating: The idea that one person’s ‘terrorist’ is another’s ‘freedom fighter’ cannot be sanctioned. Freedom fighters or revolutionaries don’t blow up buses containing noncombatants; terrorist murderers do. Freedom fighters don’t set out to capture and slaughter schoolchildren; terrorist murderers do . . . It is a disgrace that democracies would allow the treasured word ‘freedom’ to be associated with acts of terrorists. 3. Justification vs. Legitimacy? Many sources suggest that perception is the main influence and commonly the main issue when it comes to defining terrorism (Sorel, 2003; Gibbs, 1989 Jenkin, 2006). Therefore validation of the actions of both a freedom fighter and a terrorist cannot evolve around general society and how they interpret t errorism to be. Perception becomes a significant issue in determining the legitimacy of the justifications for the actions of both a freedom fighter and a terrorist (Jenkin, 2006). For example a state which is under attack will most likely define the attacks as illegitimate and a form of terrorist activity; conversely those who are attacking the state will define their actions as justified. The difference between the true terrorist and the true freedom fighter appear to pivot around the perceived legitimacy of the motives of each. This social perception of the alleged legitimacy plays a large role on deriving a neutral definition. This becomes difficult due to the aforementioned terrorist label as being pejorative, with the term freedom fighter having positive connotations. The difference in terms between terrorists and freedom fighters seems in many ways to hinge upon the perceived legitimacy of the motives of each. As previously stated, the term ‘terrorist’ is usually pejorative, while the term ‘freedom fighter’ often has positive connotations. It is therefore difficult to derive a neutral definition of legitimacy: it remains a social product (Wardlaw, 1989). Many terrorist organisations only recruit a small amount of discontented individuals who support them; this is done through the prolonged influence of norms. There is a steady shift of certain individuals who are separated from society to an accepted morality of terrorism (Moghaddam, 2006). He goes on to suggests that the support networks utilised by terrorist groups are also discontented, however nearly never consist of sizeable groups of people willing to conduct the terror tactics themselves. Nevertheless it is important to consider that the means of moral and logistical support for individuals like Osama bin Laden has differed significantly from the support for someone like Che Guevara (Whiteley, 2010). Guevara was successful and like other revolutionaries often rallied a large number people relatively quickly, openly and most important effectively. It is therefore credible to state that there is a far wider support base for individuals who are freedom fighters. This is evident through the social product of legitimacy given to them by their supporters. Whiteley (2010) goes on to state that terrorists tend to find themselves in minorities because of the small amount of legitimacy rewarded to them or their cause from other citizens. This perspective is supported by the abovementioned self-interested motives of terrorist and the liberation-seeking motives of freedom fighters. Legitimacy can therefore be summed up by the amount of genuine local support given to a particular group (Whiteley, 2010); consequently true freedom fighters that have legitimate reasons for their existence can recruit members easily while terrorists goals lack legitimacy and consequently result in the recruitment of fewer members. Ernesto Che Guevara Historical Context Ernesto Che Guevara was born into a middle class family in Rosario, Santa Fe Province, Argentina on June 14, 1928. He was a Marxist and left Argentina in late 1953 to take part in a communist revolt in Guatemala. Che was an idealist; believing that everyone should be equal and have the same opportunities. Che joined Fidel Castros 26 July movement where guerrilla troops were sailed to Cuba. Landing on 2 December 1956, they were focused on overthrowing Fulgenico Batistas government. In July 1957, Che was assigned command for more than half of Fidel Castros forces as commandant. He led against government forces in the province of Las Villas while growing hatred for Batistas government that grew in size and gained support rapidly. Che sealed victory for Castros forces in December 1958 becoming Castros most trusted advisor leading the international revolution. She soon became the Cuban minister for agriculture; writing a book in 1960 called Guerrilla Warfare to bring about communism throughout the world. Che resigned his posed in Cuba in 1965 and travelled to Africa as well as many other places in order to organise more communist revolts. In 1966 Che surfaced Bolivia where his movement did not grow much support. His movement came to an end on 7 October 1967 when his surviving group members and he were captured and two days later on 9 October 1967 were executed by a Bolivian fighting squad whom were apparently acting on behalf of the CIA whom were training the Bolivian Army (Guevara, 1985). Che Guevara Terrorist or Freedom Fighter After examining the notion of the phrase One persons terrorist is another persons freedom fighter. It has become evident that although the phrase implies that there are similarities between a terrorist and a freedom fighter, it can be concluded that there are many aspects that differentiate the true freedom fighter from the true terrorist. In order to successfully complete the examination of this notion; it is required that a conflict within a terrorist organisation be examined. The debate as to whether Che was a terrorist or a freedom fighter arises. Che came to be one of Latin Americas most feared and most famous professional revolutionary (Gall, 1998). Ches investigation of capitalism, imperialism and socialism and his precise tactical position on guerrilla warfare were concurrent to his views of ethics and political practice. His thoughts were concerned with the revolutionary organizations to oppressed individuals, the affiliation between political agency and objective conditions, the interrelation between revolution and imperialism and the link between personal values and revolutionary action. The question raised is whether Che adopted any terrorist characteristics in his apparent fight for freedom. Yes, through this essay there has been an establishment that a terrorist differs to a freedom fighter however the question arises as to whether it is that easy to differentiate the two when they are applied to an icon from the past. Ches tactical choice was not to target innocent civilians but to build and attack a government that promoted in-equality (Guevara, 1985). Although Che and his supporters killed many, there has not been any academic documentation to suggest that he killed innocent civilians. Anderson (1997) made the following discovery: I have yet to find a single credible source pointing to a case where Che executed an innocent. Those persons executed by Guevara or on his orders were condemned for the usual crimes punishable by death at times of war or in its aftermath: desertion, treason or crimes such as rape, torture or murder. I should add that my research spanned five years, and included anti-Castro Cubans among the Cuban-American exile community in Miami and elsewhere. Che depicted himself as a guerilla fighter and defined a guerilla fighter in his book as: . . . Must have a moral conduct that shows him to be a true priest of the reform to which he aspires. To the stoicism imposed by the difficult conditions of warfare should be added an austerity born of rigid self-control that will prevent a single excess, a single slip, whatever the circumstances. The guerrilla soldier should be an ascetic. The peasant must always be helped technically, economically, morally, and culturally. The guerrilla fighter will be a sort of guiding angel who has fallen into the zone, helping the poor always and bothering the rich as little as possible in the first phases of the war. But this war will continue on its course; contradictions will continuously become sharper; the moment will arrive when many of those who regarded the revolution with certain sympathy at the outset will place themselves in a position diametrically opposed; and they will take the first step into battle against the popular forces. At that moment the guerrilla fighter should act to make himself the standard-bearer of the peoples cause, punishing every betrayal with justice. Private property should acquire in the war zones its social function. For example, excess land and livestock not essential for the maintenance of a wealthy family should pass into the hands of the people and be distributed equitably and justly. (Guevara, 1985) Furthermore, the question of whether Guevaras sources of motivation were of a terrorist kind comes to light. Che was on a quest for freedom and equality. Presently Ches legacy has lived on and people do not remember him for the power he sought to have but for the goal he strived to achieve; Some view Che Guevara as a hero for example, Nelson Mandela referred to him as an inspiration for every human being who loves freedom while Jean Paul Sarte described him as not only an intellectual but also the most complete human being of our age. This was equality and freedom for those who were less fortunate (Compton, 2009) Like a freedom fighter, Che was able to recruit a great deal of support for his movement as he possessed qualities of a true leader. Many perceive Che to have been a great man who has credibility. Because Che was believable, people would in turn believe him. This is because there was a consistency between which Che was and what Che said (Safty, 2002 pg. 112). Despite all the supporting evidence to suggest that Che was a freedom fighter, many do believe that he was a terrorist. Some who were part of the opposing side, who were part of Batsias movement, would have felt that Ches actions were of a terrorist kind. It is important to note however that although Che was a freedom fighter and not a terrorist some people perceived he to be one as their perception was defined differently and they believed that the actions Che was engaging in were of a terrorist kind. Conclusion Ultimately there is a definitive difference between a terrorist and a freedom fighter. It cannot be implied that one persons terrorist is another persons freedom fighter. Many philosophers have concluded that terrorist do not have any right to be classified within a freedom fighting definition. The means of a terrorist do not justify the ends. The abovementioned three distinctions between a terrorist and a freedom fighter outlined in the first paragraph clearly show that the two are completely disparate.

The New Trend in Advertising :: Free Essays Online

The New Trend in Advertising Advertising may have finally found the only medium that can reach the right person with the right message at the right time. What is this groundbreaking medium? As a relatively young medium that’s shaking up the advertising world, the Internet is now considered a way to advertise to mass markets. According to Business Week’s article †The Online Ad Surge,† online advertising only accounts for 4.3% of advertising in the United States, yet the Internet accounts for more than 14% of the country’s media time. With predictions of $9.3 billion in online advertising spending this year, companies are beginning to recognize the Internet as a practicable advertising medium. This essay will provide a summary of â€Å"The Online Ad Surge† and an evaluation of the article. Article Summary Internet advertising has undergone a dramatic change in recent years. Online ads have moved from text-only to flashy, full-motion videos. Jupiter Research analyst Gary Stein states, â€Å"A few years ago, it was kids with green hair selling ads, now Internet ads are mainstream, and part of every company’s media buy.† Although online ads aren’t going to overtake the traditional advertising mediums, the segment is growing at a rate of 7.7% a year. Within the next two years, analysts predict online advertising will be worth nearly $14 billion and will surpass the magazine industry. Online ads offer companies the ability to track every click consumers make through a website and offer the ability to immediately measure an ad’s effectiveness. Other mediums, such as television are feeling the pressure to be more accountable. Until recently, television ratings were never available in real time; however, Nielsen Media Research has implemented technology that allows for minute-by-minute feedback in selected local television markets. Online advertisers are beginning to bundle slots across the media mix. According to the article, â€Å"CNN†¦sold pricey sponsorships for Election Day coverage to companies, such as Samsung and DHL. The condition? Sponsors had to advertise on TV and the Web.† Linking several mediums together benefits both parties involved as components of the media mix can compliment each other. The rush to online advertising has created several problems for companies. The surge in ads has led to clutter, which includes instant messaging ads targeted to the youth market. Another problem is the shortage of available advertising slots.

Bradley Manning Responsible For the Largest Intelligence Leak in the History of the United States Essay

Bradley Manning Responsible For the Largest Intelligence Leak in the History of the United States (Your Name Here) UMUC CSIA 301 Bradley Manning may be responsible for the largest intelligence leak in the history of the United States . The U.S. Government alleges that Bradley Manning was responsible for leaking classified intelligence, causing it to be published on the internet which make it available to the enemy. The Government has charged Manning with 22 charges under the Uniformed Code of Military Justice, UCMJ, to include espionage. If convicted, Manning could face confinement for life or the death penalty . In an interview with Frontline, Adrian Lamo, a convicted hacker, states that Manning contacted him via online chat and confessed that he had leaked hundreds of documents to Julian Assange, the editor of a website called WikiLeaks. Type of Breach Bradley Manning is an example of the most dangerous type of enemy, an insider. Insiders pose one of the greatest security threats. The main aspect that makes insiders such a potent threat is the amount of data they have access to . In an interview with Adrian Lamo, Manning boasted about the amount of information he leaked to WikiLeaks. He claimed to have leaked, â€Å"250,000 State Department diplomatic cables and 500,000 classified field reports from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan† . Being charged with espionage, Bradley Manning is one of the most dangerous types of insiders, because the information he leaked potentially put American lives in danger and caused harm to our nation. Bradley Manning was not driven by the same motivation that drives most people who commit crimes such as the ones that Manning has been accused of. Manning was not motivated by financial gain. He claims that he leaked the information because the information needed to be in public view. He has expressed an extreme dislike for the US Army and the way the US Government conducts its self in the global arena. He claims that he could have sold this information to the Chinese or Russians, but instead chose to give it to  WikiLeaks via Julian Assange . How the Breach Occurred The question arises how Bradley Manning gained access to such a large quantity of intelligence. Since September 11, 2001, the 9/11 Commission has changed the way intelligence agencies handle information sharing. Agencies now share raw intelligence with each other, because it is believed that if that policy had been in place earlier then the tragedy on September 11 could have been avoided. Manning had access to the network know as the Secrete Internet Protocol Router Network, or SIPRNet. SIPRNet is where Manning downloaded most of the information he leaked. Manning was an intelligence analyst. His job was information aggregation. He would analyze large amounts of raw intelligence and form it into smaller, more concise reports . This is not what Manning leaked, he leaked raw intelligence. Some of this raw intelligence was uploaded to WikiLeaks via the internet, however the majority of the data was downloaded onto compact disks. Manning recalls one instance to Lamo about downloading data to a disk labeled Lady Gaga. In an online communication with Lamo, Manning wrote, â€Å"No one had ever taken note of him, and no one did now: ‘everyone just sat at their workstations †¦ watching music videos / car chases / buildings exploding †¦ and writing more stuff to CD/DVD’†. In order to download large amounts of raw relevant data, Manning uploaded data mining software. This software allows one to sort or index files on a computer or network. Then a search for key words will select the information based on desired parameters . Lamo suggests this implicates Julian Assange as a coconspirator in espionage with Manning. He claims that Assange gave Manning the parameters for the information that would be the most useful. If it can be proven that WikiLeaks coached or persuaded Manning to steal classified information then everyone involved can be charged with espionage. WikiLeaks operates under the unique model that all sources are unknown to them and the information they are given is unsolicited. If these two conditions are met, WikiLeaks is not guilty of collusion . The Information Security Triad The primary point of damage to the Information Security Triad by Manning is Confidentiality. By downloading raw intelligence from SIPRNet Manning did  not damage the integrity or the availability of the data. This would have been contrary to his goal. Manning planned to release the information. The information would have been useless if it had been altered or made unavailable, and this could have potentially made it easier for him to get caught. He never planned to get caught. Manning was arrested as a direct result of the online chat conversations he had with Lamo, not from the Army discovering what he had been up to. Technological Improvements that Would Help Prevent Recurrence Some technological improvements that could have prevented Manning from stealing classified information would be to disable USB ports through the BIOS and password protect the BIOS. If computers had CD ROMs not burners then it would not be possible to download any information from a network onto a disk using Department of Defense, DOD, computers. It has not been clearly published how Manning was able to upload data mining software on his computer or on the SIPRNet. These points were brought up in a congressional hearing where Senator Collins brought up the point that the intelligence community was already required to have audit capabilities installed by 2007. This could have helped expose the fact that more than a quarter of a million classified documents were downloaded in less than two months. Role-based access to secure systems is also another possible solution. This would mean that all information of a certain clearance level would not be accessible to everyone with that same clearance. Role-based access would be used in conjunction with the mandatory access control that is currently in place. This would have limited the amount of information that Manning would have had access to . The extent of damage Bradley Manning has done to intelligence sharing or US operations overseas cannot be quantified. The effects are too far reaching and still ongoing. Bradley Manning is still being held in prison awaiting trial. Many are calling Manning a whistle-blower. Whistle blowers release specific information of an embarrassing, illegal or negligent nature to right some wrong. Manning potentially put American lives in danger by releasing vast amounts of data from unnamed sources. Manning was operating on the hacker premise that all information should be free. There are people  that protect our freedom and rely on confidentiality of information to stay alive. Manning is not a whistle-blower or a hero as many online publications would suggest. He is a sad case of an individual given to much responsibility; we can only hope our intelligence community moves forward and not backward as a result of Bradley Manning’s actions. Works Cited Affairs, M. P. (2011, March 3). Manning faces more charges for classified leaks. Retrieved from The Official Home Page of the United States Army: http://www.army.mil/article/52773/ Fishman, S. (2011, July 3). Bradley Manning’s Army of One How a lonely, five-foot-two, gender-questioning soldier became a WikiLeaks hero, a traitor to the U.S., and one of the most unusual revolutionaries in American history. Retrieved from New York News & Features: http://nymag.com/news/features/bradley-manning-2011-7/ INFORMATION SHARING IN THE ERA OF WIKILEAKS: BALANCING SECURITY AND COLLABORATION, S. Hrg. 112-219 (ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION March 10, 2011). Retrieved from http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg66677/html/CHRG-112shrg66677.htm Lamo, A. (2011, May 24). WikiSecrets. Frontline. PBS. Retrieved from http://video.pbs.org/video/1946795242/ Miles, D. (2012, June 6). News American Forces Press Service. Retrieved from U.S. Department of Defense: http://www.defense.gov/ne ws/newsarticle.aspx?id=116654 Miller, B. H. (2011, September). The Death of Secrecy: Need to Know†¦with. Studies in Intelligence, 55(3), 13-18. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csistudies/studies/vol.-55-no.-3/pdfs/Studies%2055-3%20-7-Oct-2011.pdf Pfleeger, C. P., & Pfleeger, S. L. (2006). Security in Computing (4th Edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Prentice Hall PTR. Wendy, G. (2011, April). Aggregation: the hidden risk. Computer Fraud & Security, 2011(4), 18-20. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.umuc.edu/10.1016/S1361-3723(11)70043-4 Zetter, K. (2011, April 4). Army: Manning Snuck ‘Data-Mining’ Software Onto Secret Network. Retrieved from Wired: http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/04/manning-data-mining/

Hanging Tongues

In the article â€Å"Hanging Tongues: A Sociological Encounter with the Assembly line† Thompson (1983) there are many connections between the Physical structure of the beef processing plant and the social structure of those working within it. The layout, design and decor of the beef plant both directly and metaphorically impact on the social structure within the plant, pertaining to (among other examples) a sense of isolation, hierarchies, formalisation and standardisation. The physical layout of the beef processing plant appears to be similar to many other assembly line factories, the ‘kill floor’ as Thompson refers to it, being a large open space with work stations located around the area. Thompson describes an â€Å"Overhead stainless steel rail†¦ curved its way around every work station in the plant. † We see that although physically all the different work stations on the ‘kill floor’ are connected, the connection is mechanical, part of the layout of the factory. Despite the open plan space in the factory there is much isolation among the workers, even though they are all working on the same production line. Although most workers know each other on sight, it is unlikely that they would know more than first names due to the nature of the work they are doing. Each worker on Thompson’s ‘offal’ station was expected to handle 187 tongues per hour, plus cleaning of racks and trays. This is quite a high work rate and there is little time for small-talk with co-workers. This rate required from workers creates a division between the workers who have little time to stop, besides designated breaks and management who seemingly ‘sit behind their desks all day’. Also concerned with the layout of the factory was the separation of the ‘kill floor’ with the executive offices. This layout in the factory underlines the hierarchy of the social structure within the plant. At the bottom of the ladder we have the workers. They work on the ‘kill floor’ which is the dirtiest, most dangerous and most monotonous job. The Management and executives of the company are at the top of the hierarchy, they are separated physically from the ‘kill floor’ as they cannot be seen to get dirty themselves. This would make them subordinates to their ‘equals’ in the business world. Little is noted of the management in â€Å"Hanging Tongues† except that they â€Å"Rarely ventured† to the ’kill floor’ where Thompson’s research took place. Their offices are separate, keeping them isolated from the dirty, dangerous work on the factory floor. The other physical separation in the beef plant was between the inspectors and the workers. There is understandable animosity between the two groups. As they start the inspectors are on a lower wage than the workers. This is presumably because the nature of the inspector’s job is a lot less dangerous, and less physically demanding than that of the ‘beefers’. The only interaction between inspectors and workers is of a negative nature, as the inspector will be telling the worker that the work is not of a high enough standard, this slows the progress of the workers and causes resentment towards the inspectors. Due to this negative interaction, inspectors are kept separate from workers eating â€Å"in a separate lunchroom† according to Thompson. The design and decor of the beef processing plant also contribute to the social structure of the workers. Almost everything on the ‘kill floor’ is made of stainless steel, the benches, knives, tubs etc. This sterile equipment makes a sterile working environment, which makes the workers feel that their workplace is even more impersonal. Some other aspects of decor and design also lead the workers to this isolated mindset. Sealed cement floors and Ceramic tile walls are cold and impersonal. Everything is cleaned down at every break and shift change, as if the workers had never been there. There is no sense of individualism for the workers, instead we see in action the â€Å"metaphor of the organisation as a machine† Morgan (1998). Whereby the workers are not considered as individuals, but as functioning parts of a machine, objects that do their part in order to create a finished product (in this case a butchered cow). Another example of the decor observed by Thompson was that of the safety posters plastered over the walls, reminding workers that they should be wearing safety equipment, and working carefully at all times. This decor around the workspace (where we can imagine that management have pictures of their families instead) creates another division between â€Å"us† (the workers) and â€Å"them† (management). The posters also serve to remind the workers that their jobs are undeniably dangerous, workers being forced to face the fact that every day they are working they are in physical danger from the jobs they do. One last observation about the decor in the factory is the lack of clocks. Management try to control certain aspects of the workers day, this is one way in which they do it. By not letting workers know that their break / end of shift is going to arrive management are trying to avoid the inevitable ‘slacking off’ before the end of a shift, or ducking out early. This control is one thing that workers have tried to regain, as the person at the start of the production line starts â€Å"clanging his knife against the metal† when the break in the line appears. The knife banging gets passed from station to station and Thompson said he knew that â€Å"it was exactly 35 minutes until the end of the line would reach me†. Even though it is really just a symbolic way of gaining some control back, it is an important form of communication between the normally isolated workers. Formalisation, pertaining to rules and procedures implemented at the beef processing plant are an important dimension of organisational social structure. Hatch (2006), states that â€Å"formalization tends to reduce the amount of discretion employees have in performing their work tasks†. The physical structures that the beef plant has that connect with this statement are numerous. The posters about wearing safety equipment are one example; the sterile, dangerous equipment they use is another. Formalisation, according to Hatch, also helps to determine pay levels. In Thompson’s â€Å"Hanging Tongues† we see a specific example of this in the reference note stating that the ‘shackler’ is paid 10cents per hour more than the workers because of the more dangerous nature of his job, dealing with flying hooves, and hooks and chains. Standardisation is a dimension of organisational social structure that is inherent in Thompson’s â€Å"Hanging Tongues†. Much mention is made of the monotony of the work. The workers do the same job, in the same way, day after day. Their surroundings and equipment are always the same. It is this ombination of standardised work and surroundings that connects the social and physical structures in this beef plant. The work may be efficient, but the monotony and the dangerous aspects of the job are crucial factors in the high turnover of staff in assembly line jobs. There are many connections between the physical and social structures of the beef processing plant that Thompson has stud ied. Hierarchies and divisions of labour are common practice in social structure, as in many organisations they are the easiest way to get work done effectively. The same is true of physical structures based upon keeping management away from the dirty work, or ‘kill floor’. What is important is that we can see how these structures impact upon each other making the business what it is. References Hatch, M. J. (with Cunliffe, A) (2006). Organisation Theory: modern, symbolic, postmodern perspectives. (2nd Ed. ). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Morgan, G. (1998). Images of organisation: The executive edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage pp 3-13. Thompson, W. E. (1983). Hanging Tongues: A sociological encounter with the assembly line. Qualitative Sociology 6 (3), 215-237.